ABSTRACT
Background: Insulin resistance has an important role in pathophysiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome [PCOS]. Yet there are certain controversies regarding the presence of insulin resistance in non-obese patients
Objective: The aim was to compare the insulin resistance and various endocrine and metabolic abnormalities in obese and non-obese PCOS women
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study which was performed from 2007-2010, 115 PCOS patients, aged 16-45 years were enrolled. Seventy patients were obese [BMI >/=25] and 45 patients were non-obese [BMI <25]. Presence of insulin resistance and endocrine-metabolic abnormalities were compared between two groups. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS version 16.0 and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant
Results: There was no significant difference in presence of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR >2.3] between two groups [p=0.357]. Waist circumference [p<0.001], waist/hip ratio [p<0.001], systolic [p<0.001] and diastolic [p<0.001] blood pressures, fasting blood sugar [p=0.003] and insulin [p=0.011], HOMA-IR [p=0.004], total cholesterol [p=0.001] and triglyceride [p<0.001] were all significantly higher in obese PCOS patients. There was no significant difference in total testosterone [p=0.634] and androstenedione [p=0.736] between groups whereas Dehydroepiandrotendione sulfate [DHEAS] was significantly higher in non-obese PCOS women [p=0.018]. There was no case of fatty liver and metabolic syndrome in non-obese patients, whereas they were seen in 31.3% and 39.4% of obese PCOS women, respectively
Conclusion: Our study showed that metabolic abnormalities are more prevalent in obese PCOS women, but adrenal axis activity that is reflected in higher levels of DHEAS was more commonly pronounced in our non-obese PCOS patients
ABSTRACT
Background: Recurrent miscarriage is defined as two or more recurrent spontaneous miscarriages. Several causes have been suggested, among which, chromosomal abnormalities in couples is considered to have a role in this regard. However, its significance varies among different populations. The present study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of chromosomal aberrations in couples with recurrent miscarriages in the city of Mashhad
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed on patient records at Medical Genetics Clinic of Imam Reza hospital in Mashhad [north-east of Iran] between 2003 and 2006
Results: Of 151 records of recurrent miscarriages, 59 couples had undergone Karyotyping testing. Among those who had Karyotyping results, only one [1.7%] had chromosomal abnormality. The observed abnormality was associated with chromosome 9 inversion. The prevalence of consanguineous marriage among these couples was 59.0%
Conclusion: In our study, unlike similar studies in other countries, the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities was much lower. This could be interpreted either due to laboratory errors in our clinic or the real reduction in the association of chromosomal abnormalities with recurrent miscarriages in our population. Regarding our data, it seems that, at least among our population, costly Karyotyping testing is not necessary to predict further miscarriages or it could be limited to fewer cases having other associated factors
ABSTRACT
To identify primary sclerosing cholangitis [PSC] predisposing factors in order to prevent inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] progression to PSC. IBD is commonly associated with PSC and there is no effective therapy for PSC except for liver transplantation. This retrospective study was conducted on 447 IBD patients from IBD Clinics of Ghaem and Emam Reza Hospitals. Data were collected by interview and through a review of the patients' medical records. Patients were divided into two groups: those with IBD and PSC [IBD-PSC] and those without PSC. Variables were compared between two groups and those with statistically significant differences in IBD-PSC group were considered as predictive factors for the development of PSC. The frequency of PSC in IBDs was 4.3% and all were ulcerative colitis. The mean age of patients with PSC was 39.1 +/- 11.33 years. The male to female proportion in PSCs was 3.8:1 and in IBDs was 0.9:1. There were statistically significant associations between PSC and gender, IBD duration and UC extension, mucocutaneous involvement, oral contraceptive pills [OCP] consumption, history of surgery and history of PSC in the first- degree relatives. PSC frequency among IBD patients in North-East of Iran was 4.3%. It is recommended to limit OCP consumption in IBD patients. Identification and modification of probable predisposing risk factors, as well as early diagnosis of PSC are necessary
ABSTRACT
Psoriasis is an inflammatory and proliferative disease. Psoriasis clinical features vary from plaque-type psoriasis to pustular form. Psoriasis is an immune-mediated disease, which affects epidermal keratinocytes. Regard to serious side effects of chemical therapy in psoriasis patients, various projects were performed all around the world to find new therapeutic approaches for psoriasis. Various studies confirmed that Indigo naturalis treatment induced long-term remission in patients with psoriasis in all ages
ABSTRACT
Approximately 2.2 billion [2200 million] of the world population are living in the area with Iodine deficiency [ID], most of them in the developing countries. In IRAN about 2 million are exposed to Iodine deficiency. Most of the complications of ID are not curable, especially brain damage. On the other hand, adding iodine to daily salt is a suitable program for decreasing iodine deficiency. This has been the main aim of IDD National committee since 1986. This study is a before after preventive trial, and was conducted to determine the effect of iodized salt in preventing the disorders of Iodine deficiency. This study was a preventive field trial in 2 stages before and after prevention. Since 1995, Iodized salt has been distributed in Tabas in Yazd province. Sample of 2,150 students aged 6 18 years were chosen by stratified cluster random sampling method from 24 schools, 12 schools from rural and 12 from urban areas. Goiter frequency and educational status were determined using WHO criteria and mean scored, respectively. Prevalence of goiter has decreased from 34 to 25 percent after 10 years [P < 0.001]. The prevalence in urban areas has decreased from 35.8 to 23.5 percent and in rural from 35.6 to 28.5 percent [P = 0.02]. Prevalence of Goiter has changed from 32.8 to 20 percent and from 39.5 to 31.5 in boys and girls, respectively [P < 0.001]. There was a statistically significant relation between educational status and goiter frequency before and after prevention [P = 0.01]. There was also a statistically significant relation between educational status in 2 stages, before and after intervention [P < 0.001]. Although, there are some confounding variables, such as: educational resources development, improved educational methods, and enhanced family emphasis on extracurricular education, increased frequency of students in higher education after intervention shows the iodine effects on mental function
ABSTRACT
The aim of study was to compare the serum level of magnesium in mothers having low birth weight with those having normal birth weight neonates. In a case-control study, women who delivered low birth weight neonate [cases], compared with normal birth weight [controls] in serum concentration of magnesium. Blood samples collected within 24 h after delivery. Concentration of magnesium assessed by standard atomic absorption spectro-photometry. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to control of potential confounding variables. A total of 116 mothers [67 cases and 49 control] were studied. Mothers in two groups did not differ in age, body mass index, and socioeconomic or demographic factors. Maternal magnesium concentration did not differ between two groups 0.86 +/- 0.11 m. mol/l versus 0.94 +/- 0.22 m.mol/l respectively [P = 0.09]. There is no significant difference between serum magnesium levels of low birth weight infants' mother and normal weight infants' mother
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Magnesium/blood , Birth Weight , Mothers , Case-Control Studies , Maternal AgeABSTRACT
Injury is a leading cause for morbidity and mortality in otherwise healthy children. There are few data [especially in Iran] about epidemiology and incidence of injury in the first two years of life. This research was a cross sectional descriptive study on a group of 1000 infants [6-24 months old], from all the health care centers in Mashhad, who were evaluated about the history of any kind of injury since birth. The study was performed in autumn of 2004. The mean age of the study group was 13.8 +/- 7.8 months. During this time 55.7% of the infants had experienced some kind of injury. The occurred injuries in order of frequency were Falls [13.4%], Chocking due to foreign body aspiration [12.8%], Cuts and lacerations [11.9%], Burning [10.9%], Poisoning [3.9%] Traffic accidents [1.5%] Drowning [0.7%] and electrical injuries [0.6%]. Overall fifty infants [5%] in our group were visited [for accident] in an office by a doctor, which burning [with 16 outpatient visits] was the most common injury in this group. There was history of 80 hospital admission in the study group but only seven of them were due to accidents, and poisoning in three cases was the most common causes of injury related admission. The periodic prevalence of injuries in our study group was 55.7%. Falls, Chocking [due to foreign body aspiration], Cuts and burns were [in order of frequency] the most common types of the injuries in infants of Mashhad. Injury was not a significant cause for hospital admission in this age group
Subject(s)
Humans , Age Groups , Incidence , Burns , Foreign Bodies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Population SurveillanceABSTRACT
Widespread use of one-stage pull-through technique for Hirschsprung's disease and its excellent results are dependent on the accuracy of intraoperative frozen sections [IOFS]. The purpose of the present study is to determine the incidence and sources of probable errors during this process. This cross-sectional study included all patients who were admitted from 2000 to 2010 in Dr Sheikh Children Hospital and had undergone IOFS for diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. This cross-sectional study included all patients who were admitted from 2000 to 2010 in Dr Sheikh Children Hospital and had undergone IOFS for diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. Frozen section can be a reliable method for evaluation of suspected Hirschsprung's patients with consideration that the favorable outcome is totally dependent on quality and number of prepared frozen sections for careful evaluation by pathologist
Subject(s)
Humans , Frozen Sections , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Stroke, one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, is of great importance in young adults [15-45 years], amongst whom the causes of stroke and transient ischemic attack [TIA] are different from those in older ages and a significant portion of them have no known etiology. Patent foramen ovale [PFO] is considered a probable cause in this group. Patients between 15 and 45 years of age with TIA or stroke were examined and evaluated for causes of cerebrovascular accidents. Patients with no definite cause for stroke or TIA, except for PFO, despite our extensive evaluations were categorized as cyptogenic. The controls wee comprised of those between 15 and 45 years old who underwent transesophageal echocardiography [TEE] for reasons other than stroke. The frequency of PFO and its characteristics were compared between the two groups. The case group comprised 48 patients with cryptogenic stroke [n=31] and TIA [n=17], and the control group consisted of 57 patients. The age distribution of the groups was normal, and there was no significant difference between eh age and gender of the two groups. The frequency of PFO in the case and control groups was 52% and 25% respectively [p value= 0.003, odds ration= 3.33, confidence interval= 1.46-7.63]. The exaggerated motion of the interatrial septum [IAS] in the case and control groups was 18.8% and 0%, respectively. Right-to-left shunt at rest in the case and control groups was 78% and 28%, respectively [significant differences]. The differences in terms of PFO size, number of bubbles, and atrial septal aneurysm were not significant between the two groups. PFO had a relation with stroke and TIA in the young adults, and right-to-left shunt at rest and exaggerated motion of the IAS could increase the possibility of paradoxical emboli. It seems that the presence of atrial septal aneurysm, number of bubbles, and PFO size did not increase the risk of cerebrovascular accidents